受限空间中天线产生的电波覆盖研究

受限空间中的有效电波覆盖直接影响通信质量和可靠性,对天线系统的布局优化尤为重要.然而现有的研究很少考虑本来就处于隧道中的天线参数对电波覆盖的影响.针对铁路隧道这种特殊的受限空间情况首先介绍了电波覆盖的研究方法和现状,然后利用射线追踪方法、波导模式方法和矢量抛物方程方法对电波覆盖进行了预估,针对笔形方向图的特征采用高斯方向图重点研究了不同的天线主瓣宽度、波束指向以及在隧道截面的位置对电波覆盖的影响,分析了沿隧道轴向不同区域内电波覆盖的不同特征,最后研究了受限空间中电波覆盖的三段式模型.本文的方法和模型可以为隧道内的天线选型及优化布局提供理论依据和参考.

Research on radio coverage generated by antennas in confined space

Efficient radio wave coverage in confined space is one of the foundation factors to guarantee quality and reliability of communication which is important for the layout and optimization of the antenna system. However, the existing researches rarely consider the effect of the antenna parameters on field coverage in confined space. The research status and methods of radio wave coverage in confined space, aimed at railway tunnel, were reviewed. Then the deterministic models for field coverage prediction in the railway tunnel were adopted which were ray tracing method, modal method and parabolic equation method. By combining these methods, the effect of the antenna beam width, beam direction and fixed position in the cross section of the tunnel were analyzed. Then the field coverage characteristics in different regions were analyzed. At last, a three slopes propagation model was proposed for studying the field coverage characteristics in confined space. The method and model can provide the theoretical basis and a reference for antenna design and layout optimization in the tunnels.