未来航空燃料原料可持续性研究

运用全生命周期评价方法，评价未来航空燃料原料可持续性。以传统石油基航空燃料为基准，分析未来8种航空燃料原料（煤、天然气、能源藻、麻疯树、大豆、棕榈、油菜籽及亚麻荠）的可持续性。评价路径包括原料阶段、燃料阶段和应用阶段。原料阶段考虑基础设施消耗，燃料阶段考虑因电能消耗嵌套引起的碳排放。评价指标不仅包括能量、化石能源、水资源消耗和温室气体（GHG）排放，而且包括了环境污染雾霾中的主要成分PM10和PM2.5排放。本文为选择航空替代燃料原料来源提供理论和技术基础。结果表明，在原料阶段，生物基温室气体排放相比石油基均降低，其中大豆油碳减排最明显，麻疯树基航空燃料PM10和PM2.5排放量大，因在种植过程中加入大量化肥。在燃料阶段，煤基费托过程能量消耗大，碳排放高。通过全生命周期分析，煤基费托温室气体排放高，大豆温室气体排放较低，其次是能源藻。在不与人争粮，不与粮争地的前提下、不占用耕地的能源藻具有可持续大规模制备航空替代燃料的应用前景。

Research of sustainable feedstock for future alternative aviation fuels

Based on the whole life-cycle analysis, the feedstock sustainability has been evaluated for alternative aviation fuels. Eight sources, including coal, natural gas, algae, jatropha, soybean, palm, rapeseed and camelina, have been compared with petroleum-based aviation fuel in energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, water consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. The whole life cycle concluded feedstock production, fuel refining and combustion application. In the first stage of feedstock production, energy and emissions comprise the influence of infrastructure construction. The fuel refining process considered the emissions caused by nested electricity utilization. This paper provides theoretical and data support to assess the sustainable feedstock for alternative aviation fuel. The results indicate that compared with petroleum-based one, the GHG emissions of biomass all decrease in feedstock production stage, and soybean conducts the minimum GHG emission. Jatropha-based fuel gives the highest PM10 and PM2.5 emissions as the result of high fertilizer input. During the fuel refining stage, coal-based Fischer-Tropsch aviation fuel performs the highest energy consumption and GHG emission. Among eight feedstocks, coal-based Fischer-Tropsch aviation fuel shows the highest GHG emission in the whole life cycle, while algae-based aviation fuel shows the lowest GHG emission and followed by soybean. Owing to non-arable land and non-competition with food, algae are very promising as the sustainable feedstock for alternative aviation fuel in the future.