卫星光轴复合指向控制方法研究

卫星平台搭载光学载荷对空间运动目标进行跟踪指向技术已经成为卫星发展的重点，为了提升卫星光轴的指向范围、跟踪精度和机动性，仅依靠卫星的姿态调整已无法提升卫星光轴的性能。通过对由卫星姿态、星载光电转台和快反镜组成的卫星复合光轴指向系统的分析，需三者协同工作，输出有效叠加，才能有效提升卫星光轴的指向范围、跟踪精度和机动性。对卫星姿态控制系统、星载光电转台控制系统、快反镜控制系统进行研究建模后，确定了三者的作动频带。通过建立辅助PQ单位反馈系统，运用频率响应法设计复合指向控制器，模拟某轨道的卫星与跟踪目标的相对运动轨迹作为仿真模型的输入。仿真数据表明卫星光轴的跟踪指向误差由0.6°下降到了0.05°，证明了复合指向控制律有效提升了卫星光轴的性能。

Research on satellite optical axis compound pointing control method

Tracking moving target in space with optical payload on satellite platform has been a key technology in the development of surveillance satellite. How to improve the pointing range, tracking accuracy and maneuverability of satellite optical axis is the focus of this paper. In order to improve the performance of satellite optical axis pointing, the scheme of satellite attitude adjustment can′t meet the requirements alone. The analysis shows that, in order to improve the pointing range, tracking accuracy and maneuverability of the satellite optical axis, the effective cooperation of the satellite attitude control system, optical turret control system and fast mirror control system is necessary. The satellite attitude control system, optical turret control system and fast-mirror control system were analyzed and modeled to confirm the bandwidth of each system. A compound pointing compensator was designed with the frequency response method through the PQ feedback system. The relative motion trajectory of the satellite and the target was simplified and simulated. The simulation data show that the tracking error is reduced from 0.6° to 0.05°, the effectiveness of the optical axis compound pointing control method is verified.