飞行器大气再入过程中黑障缓解方法综述

为了方便研究人员更好地掌握黑障的缓解方法及其研究现状，系统地介绍了目前航天领域中用于缓解黑障的多种技术方法。首先，简要介绍了黑障的成因以及研究现状，并阐述了电磁波在等离子体中的传播机理；其次，详细说明了14种黑障缓解方法的基本原理及其优缺点，这些方法包括改变空气动力学形状、引入正交电磁场、驻波检测法、提高入射频率以及太赫兹法等。随后，从功耗、尺寸质量、通信效果以及工程实用性等6个方面对每种方法进行了分类评估。最后，针对黑障问题后续的研究方向，提出了几点建议。

Review of blackout mitigation methods for vehicles during atmospheric reentry

In order to help researchers better understand the mitigation methods of blackout and its development status, blackout mitigation methods adopted in current aerospace fields were introduced systematically and comprehensively. Firstly, the formation causes and research status of blackout problem were briefly introduced, and then the propagation mechanism of electromagnetic wave in plasma was also expounded. Secondly, the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of 14 technical methods used to mitigate the blackout were introduced and discussed in detail. Those methods include variation of aerodynamic design of aircrafts, addition of the crossed electric and magnetic fields, standing wave detection, increment of the incident frequency, and terahertz technology, etc. Next, the above mentioned 14 methods were classified and evaluated from six aspects, e.g., power consumption, size quality, communication effect and engineering practicability, etc. Finally, several suggestions are put forward for the future study of the blackout problem.