空间两相环路热控系统的动力学特性

针对两种典型的两相环路热控系统——毛细力驱动的平板型环路热管和机械泵驱动的两相环路热控系统(硅微条探测器控温系统, TTCS)展开讨论, 分析其工作原理, 介绍地面测试实验系统, 使用SINDA/FLUINT和Maltab/Simulink软件分别建立其动态模型. 研究结果表明, 平板型环路热管和TTCS均存在启动问题; 平板型环路热管运行时可能有较严重的稳定性问题, 而TTCS的稳定性相对较高; 重力对平板型环路热管的性能有较大影响, TTCS受重力的影响不大; 双通道平板型环路热管可以比单通道环路平板型环路热管有更优异的传热性能, 而TTCS的双辐射器结构可以有良好的流量和热量自调节能力. 在选择两相环路热控系统时, 需考虑热源的分布特点、寿命要求、控温要求以及系统尺寸和质量等因素, 这两种两相热控技术未来可交叉借鉴、优势互补. 

Dynamic Properties of the Two-phase Loop Thermal Control System for Space Application

Loop heat pipe with flat evaporator (Flat Loop Heat Pipe, FLHP) driven by capillary force and mechanical pumped two-phase loop (Tracker Thermal Control System, TTCS) are typical two-phase loop thermal control systems. The working principles of both FLHP and TTCS are discussed in this paper, and samples are tested. Also, dynamic models are built by both SINDA/FLUINT and Matlab/Simulink. The results show that both the FLHP and TTCS may have start-up problem, that the FLHP may have larger temperature oscillation, while the TTCS are more stable, that gravity has obvious effect on the FLHP performance, yet has no obvious effect on the TTCS performance, and that the FLHP with bi-transport loops has a better performance than that with single-transport loop, and the two radiators of the TTCS has the ability of self-adjust in mass flow rate and heat transfer. To choose a two-phase thermal control system, some items should be considered, such as the characteristic of the heat source, the life requirement, the temperature requirement, as well as the system size and mass, etc. Development of the two techniques may be cross-reference and complementary in future.