武汉上空中层和低热层大气潮汐的流星雷达观测

武汉流星雷达是2002年元月建成的我国第一部全天空流星雷达，本文对2002年2月19日到7月31日流星雷达观测的潮汐的讨论表明，武汉中层顶以周日潮汐为潮汐运动的主要分量，它的强度远大于半日潮汐，周日潮汐和半日潮汐的波源都在80km以下．周日潮汐分量在3、4月份最强，并且经向分量略强于纬向分量．两个分量的峰值在约95km处出现，分别达到44m／s和60m／s．半日潮的最大值24m／s出现在4月初约93km处．周日潮汐和半日潮汐的振幅和相位随时间呈现出拟周期变化的特征，这可能是潮汐与行星波非线形相互作用的结果．观测结果与GSWM模型的比较表明，GSWM模型在相位随高度变化趋势上与观测结果一致，但模型的周日潮相位比观测约超前1—2h，半日潮相位约滞后1—4h．在周日潮汐较强的月份，模型与观测有较大的差异，观测的幅度通常在95km附近有极大值，而模型并没有极大值．GSWM模型对半日潮的幅度的估计通常过小，观测的半日潮汐幅度有时甚至超过模型值的一倍以上．

TIDES IN THE MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE OVER WUHAN REVEALED BY A METEOR RADAR

An all-sky meteor radar was set up in January 2002 in Wuhan and it is the first meteor radar in China. The characteristics of diurnal and semidiurnal tides over Wuhan from February 19 to July 31 are discussed in this paper. The main tidal component is diurnal tide which is much greater than the semidiurnal tide, and the sources of both tide components are below 80km. The diurnal tidal components reach their maximum in February and March, and the meridional components are stronger than the zonal components. Zonal and meridional diurnal tides reach their maximum of 44 m/s and 60 m/s at about 95 km, respectively. The semidiurnal tide reaches its maximun amplitude 24 m/s at about 93 km at the beginning of April. The amplitudes and phases of diurnal and semidiurnal tides show some quasi-periodic characteristics which may be resulted from nonlinear interaction between tides and planetary waves. The comparison of the observed tide and GSWM values shows that the variation of both diurnal and semidiurnal tidal phase with height is agreement. But the diurnal tidal phases of the GSWM are 1-2 hours ahead of the observed phases and the semidiurnal tidal phases of the GSWM are 1-4 hours lag of the observed phases. There are significant difference between GSWM tidal amplitudes and the observed amplitudes while the tides are strong. And the observed tidal amplitudes have maximum values at about 95km, but GSWM values have not maximum from 80 to 100km. The observed amplitudes of semidiurnal tide are generally greater than the GSWM amplitudes, as much as twise greater in some months.