基于动量轮的航天器全姿态捕获技术

全姿态捕获是指航天器丢失姿态基准而需恢复正常姿态或者定向新姿态目标时的一种控制过程.以往卫星全姿态捕获控制过程一般采用喷气推进系统或磁力矩器作为执行机构,这些方法需要消耗燃料或捕获时间长.提出了一种基于动量轮的全姿态捕获方法,采用的部件为卫星的常规配置,可以实现对任意目标的定向,该方法克服了以往方法的缺陷,在轨验证结果表明该方法有效、工程可操作性强.

Global Attitude Acquisition of Spacecraft by Reaction Wheel

Global attitude acquisition（GAA） refers to an attitude control process of recovering the norminal attitude or a new orientation,when a spacecraft loses attitude reference. To overcome the deficiencies of traditional GAA using thruster system or magnetic torquer as main actuator,which costs fuel consumption or more recapture time,a method of GAA based on reaction wheel is proposed here. By using the conventional configuration of the spacecraft,this method can realize orientation to any space target,and is proved to be efficient,good at engineering operation by on-orbit results.