国外典型核武器内部氢气气氛分析

核武器密闭空间内部气氛中的氢气对铀材料、钚材料可靠性有长期的影响,将会引起严重的腐蚀失效,导致武器装备战技指标下降,同时也给核武器本身的安全性也带来了隐患。以基于理论模型的假想核武器为研究对象,经分析表明,核武器内部氢气主要来源于铀材料与外界渗漏气体的反应,以及有机材料的老化,这些气体在热应力条件下扩散到核武器密闭空间内部。国外有核国家目前主要采用研制生产时改进加工工艺,控制初始状态;交付后,在核武器内部放置干燥剂、吸氢剂2种措施相结合的方法控制核武器内部的氢气浓度,这些做法对我国武器装备的发展都有一定的借鉴意义。

Internal Hydrogen Atmosphere Analysis of Typical External Nuclear Weapons

The reliability of uranium and plutonium materials are long-term affected by the hydrogen atmosphere insidethe confined space of nuclear weapons, which would cause severe corrosion failure and lead to tactical index fell, and thesecurity of nuclear weapons also faces hidden risks. Imaginary nuclear weapons based on theoretical model were set as re.search subjects. Analysis showed that hydrogen atmosphere within nuclear weapons was mainly from the reaction of urani.um materials with outside environment permeate gas and aging of organic materials, which spreaded to internal space of nu.clear weapons under thermal stress conditions. To solve this problem, foreign nuclear states mainly adopted two methods tocontrol internal hydrogen concentration: improving processing technology and controlling initial state during developmentand production, placement of desiccant and hydrogen getter after delivery. These practices provided certain reference forthe development of weapons and equipment.