地效飞机的发展和展望

地效飞机是一种主要利用地面效应提供支承力而飞行的运载工具，在地铲的作用耳，它的升阻比比一般的飞机大，因而飞行时所消耗的推进功率小，具有更大的载重量或航程，在地效作用区域内，地效飞机的气动力不仅与迎角有关，而且与飞行高度有关，因而其飞行稳定性问题更为复杂，作为一类非线性、多变量且很难辨识的受控对象，地效飞机应采用更加复杂的控制律和信息－－控制综合系统，以最大限度地保证低高度的飞行安全和操控效率。首先介绍了地效飞机的一般特点和发展现状，然后分析和描述了该类飞行器特有的稳定性问题以及控制特点，最后展望了它的应用前景。

The development of wing-in-surface effect crafts and a outlook about their application

Wing in surface effect crafts belong to a class of transport vehicles, which make use of the ground effect to fly. With the ground effect, they own higher lift/drag ratio than general aircraft, so need less thrust power and have the ability to carry more loads or fly longer. Within the field of ground effect, aerodynamic forces of the wing in surface effect crafts are not only decided by the angle of attack, but also by the flying height, and they lead to more complicated stability problems. As a class of nonlinear multivariable objects, which characteristics is difficult to identify, the wing in surface effect crafts need adopt more complicated control laws and integrated information control systems to ensure the flight safety and control efficiency. Firstly, this paper gives an introduction about wing in surface crafts and their development state so far, then analyzes and describes their special stability and control problems, at last presents an outlook about their application perspectives.