飞艇续航时间论证方法研究

由于飞艇续航时间受飞行速度、重力浮力配平方式、载油量变化、风场条件等多种因素的影响，飞机续航时间计算方法并不适用于飞艇，因此提出了一种新的基于试验设计和统计分析方法的飞艇续航时间论证方法。分析了工作高度的风场速度分布规律，分别给出完全靠发动机推力矢量平衡和完全靠动升力平衡两种不同情况下飞艇续航时间计算方法，以某大型对流层飞艇为研究对象，计算了初始方案在不同平均巡航速度、配平重量和配平方式下的平均燃油消耗率和最大续航时间，对经过减阻、减重、减少耗油率等技术改进后优化方案能达到的续航时间和概率进行了分析和论证。研究表明，某飞艇初始方案在使用区域风场条件下基本能满足留空时间72h的指标要求，经技术改进后，指标仍有较大的提升的空间。方法考虑了飞艇续航时间的多种影响因素、取值变化和交互影响，比较适宜在飞艇这类涉及重浮力配平和任务耗油率变化的浮空器上使用。

Study of Airborne Endurance Analyzing Method of Tethered Aerostat

The cruise duration calculating method of aircraft is not suitable for airship because airship＇s endurance in flight is influenced by many factors, such as velocity, balance of weight and buoyancy, change of fuel load and wind condition , and therefore a new endurance analyzing method according to air- ship on the basis of experiment design and statistic analysis means is presented. Firstly, the wind velocity distributing regulation at working altitude is analyzed. Then two kinds of airship endurance calculating methods under different conditions are given respectively, including power plant thrust vector counterbal- ance and aerodynamic lift counterbalance. After that, taking a large troposphere airship as study object, the average fuel consumption and maximum endurance of its primary scheme at different average cruise velocity, trim weight and means are calculated. At last, the endurance capacity and probability of the opti- mized scheme after technique improvement with drag, weight and fuel consumption decreasing are ana- lyzed and demonstrated. The study indicated that the primary scheme of the airship can basically meet the requirement of 72 h airborne endurance index with the given wind condition in the application region, and the index can be further prolonged after technique improvement. The method takes into account multifari- ous influencing factors of airship endurance, change of partial factor values and interaction between fac- tors, and is propitious to be used in the counterpart like airships which referring balance of weight and buoyancy ,together with task fuel consumption change.