提高水反应金属燃料能量性能的理论分析

采用最小自由能热力计算方法,计算了不同配方水反应金属燃料的能量性能,分析了粘合剂、氧化剂、高能添加剂、金属的种类及含量对燃料能量性能的影响。计算结果表明:镁基水反应金属燃料的基础上,添加含能粘合剂(聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(PGAP)、聚3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(PAMMO)、聚二叠氮甲基氧丁环与四氢呋喃共聚物(PBAMO-THF))、高能金属添加剂(Al和Mg-Al合金)及增加金属含量均有利于提高燃料的燃温和理论比冲;氧化剂和高能添加剂的种类、氧粘比(氧化剂与粘合剂质量比)对燃料的燃温和理论比冲影响不明显。采用PBAMO-THF,Al分别取代端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)和Mg,金属含量由70%提高到80%时,燃料的理论比冲(水燃比φ=3)由4550.5 N.s/kg提高到5451.0N.s/kg。

Theoretical Analysis on Performance of Hydro-Reactive Metal-Based Fuel

The energy properties of hydro-reactive metal-based fuels were calculated by means of the minimum Gibbs free energy method.The effects of types and contents of binder,oxidizer,energetic additive and metal on the performance of the fuel were investigated.The results show that the addition of energetic binders(like poly glycidyl azide polymer(PGAP),poly 3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxetane polymer(PAMMO) and 3,3-diazidomethyloxetane/ tetrahydrofuran copolymer(PBAMO-THF)),high combustion-heat metals(like Al and Mg-Al alloy) and higher content of metal can increase the combustion temperature and the theoretical specific impulse of the fuel,while the oxidizer and energetic additive species,the mass ratio of oxidizer and binder have little action on the performance of the fuel.When hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) and Mg are substituted by PBAMO-THF and 80 percent of Al,the theoretical specific impulse of the fuel is increased from 4550.5 N·s/kg to 5451.0N·s/kg when the mass ratio of water and fuel is 3.