新一代高能固体推进剂的能量分析

根据最小自由能方法,计算分析了叠氮基含能预聚物和高能高密度氧化剂对AP/R-DX/Al/HTPB复合固体推进剂能量特性的影响。GAP、AMMO和BAMO的氮平衡值优于HTP-B,含有叠氮基含能预聚物的复合固体推进剂,其标准理论比冲(I°ss)出现最大值时所对应的RDX含量相应地升高。无论是HTPB,还是GAP、AMMO和BAMO,标准理论比冲和燃温(T_c)在Al含量为18％时都有极大值出现,燃气平均分子量(M(则随着Al含量的增加而增加。减少GAP配方中的AP含量,代之以硝酸酯增塑剂,可显著提高I°ss,与RDX相比,采用高能高密度氧化剂HMX,HHTD和ONC的复合推进剂的最大优势是密度的提高,从而显著地改善了密度比冲。与NEPE高能固体推进剂相比,GAP推进剂在相同的粘合剂体积分数下,标准理论比冲可提高24.5～34.3N·s/kg。而在相同能量特性的情况下,推进剂的粘合剂的体积分数可提高50～65％。因此,叠氮基含能预聚物和高能高密度氧化剂的使用,将代替下一代高能固体推进剂的发展方向。

THE ENERGETIC ANALYSIS OF A NEW GENERATION OF HIGH ENERGY SOLID PROPELLANT

Based on the minimum free energy method, the effects of energetic azido prepolymers and high-energy high-density oxidizers on the energetic characteristics of AP/RDX/A1/HTPB composite propcllant is analyzed, when the standard theoretical specific impulse (i°ss) reaches maximum, RDX content of GAP, AMMO and BAMObased com-posite propellants is higher than that of HTPB due to their higher oxy gen balance. For HTPB, GAP, AMMO and BAMO the maximum of theoritical specific impulse and burned gas temperature occur at the condition of 18% Al content, and the average molecular weight of burned gas increases with the increase of aluminum content. The analysis has shown that substitution of nitroester plasticizer for AP in the GAP-base-d composition significantly enhances its Iss. In comparison with RDX using high-energy high-density oxidizer HMX. HHTD and ONC can increase propellant density, and improve the density-impulse. Compared with NEPE high energy propellant, the standard theoretical spacific impulse of GAP-based propellant increases by 24. 5-34.3N. s/kg at the same binder volume fraction, whereas, the binder volume fraction increases by 50-65%, at the same energy level. Obviously, the use of energetic azido prepolymers and high-energy high-density oxidizers will become the emerging tendency of the next generation of high energy solid pro-pellanls.