机翼电脉冲除冰效果的仿真分析

电脉冲除冰系统是保障飞机在结冰气象条件下安全飞行的一种机械除冰系统，它具有高效节能、稳定性好、通用性强等优点。国外研究机构从20世纪70年代起就针对电脉冲除冰系统开展了大量的研究工作，国内关于该方面的研究起步较晚。为研究不同因素对电脉冲除冰系统除冰效果的影响，本文分别建立了简单翼型前缘结构以及 NACA2414、NACA2428、NACA2407等多种 NACA 翼型前缘结构的机翼电脉冲除冰系统的有限元模型，并提出了基于除冰率的系统除冰效果评判准则。基于机翼电脉冲除冰系统有限元模型，采用数值仿真，分别研究了不同幅值脉冲力作用下，脉冲力作用位置、翼型几何形状以及脉冲力作用序列对系统除冰效果的影响。通过对不同系统模型的仿真结果进行分析，可以发现：为达到相同除冰效果，采用对称双脉冲作用所需的幅值明显小于单脉冲作用；相同工况下，相对厚度较小的翼型前缘除冰效果较好，且同一翼型的下翼面的除冰效果略好于上翼面的除冰效果；通过适当调整脉冲触发顺序，可以达到或接近通过单纯增加脉冲载荷所达到的除冰效果。本文通过仿真计算，提炼了机翼电脉冲除冰系统除冰效果随各影响因素的变化规律，指出了机翼电脉冲除冰系统的优化方向，为机翼电脉冲除冰系统的设计奠定了基础。

Simulation analysis on efficiency of wing electro-impulse de-icing system

Electro-impulse de-icing system is an appliance which assures the safety of aircrafts in icing condition.It has some major advantages such as effectiveness,less energy consumption, stability,reliability,etc.From 80s of last century,many overseas institutions have been focused on the study of electro-impulse de-icing system,and much progress has been achieved.However, the domestic research in this field started relatively later.In order to study effects of different factors on de-icing result of a wing electro-impulse de-icing system,finite element models of the wing electro-impulse de-icing system were developed for a simple leading edge structure and different NACA airfoils.Based on the de-icing ratio of the electro-impulse de-icing system,the evaluation criterion was developed for the de-icing results of the system.Based on the finite element models,detailed numerical studies have been carried out to evaluate the de-icing results in consideration of different leading edge structures as well as the positions and the sequences of the impulse force with different magnitudes.The curves were established for the de-icing ratio of the system which changes with varying impulse force magnitudes.By analyzing the numerical results of different electro-impulse de-icing system models,it can be found that the magnitude of the double pulse is much less than that of the single pulse to reach the same de-icing results.The de-icing result of the airfoil with minimum relative thickness is best in the same conditions.The same results can be achieved with a proper impulse force sequence and a proper pulse magnitude. Based on the present result,the regulation has been extracted for the variable de-icing efficiency due to different factors.Some new research fields have been pointed out for optimizing the electro-impulse de-icing system.A foundation has been established for the design of a electro-impulse de-icing system.