民机首飞空速校准问题研究

中国商飞试飞中心，上海 201323) ： 民机首飞空速校准问题直接影响首飞安全，得到了相关从业者的普遍重视，然而系统性的研究多局限于各公司内部。通过对首飞空速校准的意义进行总结，对拖锥法、伴飞法和GPS四边法等常见的首飞空速校准的方法进行系统性介绍，并基于实际工作经验给出了针对空速校准，在首飞准备、首飞任务设计、首飞安全保障以及首飞机组训练等方面的建议。此外，针对国内民机首飞的实际特点，提出了一种改进的GPS空速校准方法，给出了改进的GPS空速校准法的具体试飞方法、数据处理方法，对该方法的误差来源进行了分析，并将该方法与其他传统方法进行了对比。结果表明，该方法不需要专门的试飞动作和测试改装，可以节省宝贵的首飞时间，同时大大降低实施的难度，可供其它民机型号首飞工作参考。

Study on airspeed calibration of civil aircraft first flight

Airspeed calibration is directly related to the safety of civil aircraft first flight. Papers on first flight airspeed calibration were rare. This paper summarizes the significance of first flight airspeed calibration, systematically introduces the common first flight airspeed calibration methods such as trailing cone method, Pace-chase method and 4-leg GPS method and gives some suggestions on first flight preparation, first flight mission design, first flight safety guarantee and first aircraft group training based on my practical work experience. In addition, according to the actual characteristics of the first flight of domestic civil aircraft, recommendation on airspeed calibration during first flight preparation, test plan, test safety and crew training was introduced. A new airspeed calibration test method focused on civil aircraft first flight was presented. The results show that this method does not need special flight test action and special test modification. It can save valuable first flight time and greatly reduce the difficulty of implementation. It can be used as a reference for the first flight of other civil aircraft models.