独立离场模式下多跑道时空资源优化调度方法

为有效缓解大流量、高密度机场日益严重的交通拥堵和航班延误现状,研究了多跑道离场航班优化调度问题。首先,从生产调度领域视角,将多跑道离场调度问题抽象为典型的车间作业调度NP-Hard组合优化问题;然后,面向航空运输各方利益需求,以航班延误、跑道容量和环境污染为优化目标,综合考虑航空器尾流影响、场面滑行和跑道穿越等各类限制因素,建立了独立离场模式下多跑道时空资源优化调度模型;最后,结合多目标优化及遗传算法基本理论,设计了带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II),寻求多跑道离场调度问题的Pareto最优解。仿真实验表明,模型可对独立离场航班进行优化配置,显著降低航班延误时间和航空发动机污染物排放量,并有效提升机场跑道容量。与随机和交替调度策略相比,优化调度策略执行效果显著,其中航班延误时间分别减少了51.2%和42.7%,所提方法可显著缓解大型繁忙机场离场航班起飞延误,有效提升航空运输服务品质。

Optimized method for multi-runway spatio-temporal resource scheduling in the mode of independent departures

In order to relieve the congestions and delays at busy airports with large flow and high density of air traffic, an optimized method for multi-runway spatio-temporal resource scheduling in the mode of independent departures is proposed in this work. Firstly, from the perspective of the field of production scheduling, multi-runway departure scheduling problem is regarded as an NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problem of typical job shop scheduling. Secondly, the optimization targets of flight delays, runway capacity and pollutant discharge amounts of aeroengine are established by deeply analyzing the needs of the stakeholders in air transportation industry, then an optimized model is established considering the restricts such as wake turbulence separation, surface taxiing separation and runway crossing separation. Finally, an elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) is designed combined with the multi-objective optimization theory and applied to solving the problem of multi-runway scheduling to search for Pareto optimal solutions. Simulation results show that the above model and algorithm can achieve optimized scheduling for aircraft in the mode of independent departures, effectively reduce the flight delays and pollutant discharge amounts of aeronautical engine and improve the runway capacity. Compared with the rand and alternate scheduling strategy of multi-runway, the optimized one brings about a striking effect which results in a 51.2% and 42.7% reduction in flight delays. The proposed method can significantly relieve the flight delays of departures at large busiest airport and effectively improve the service quality of air transportation.