由感知到动作决策一体化的类脑导航技术研究现状与未来发展

随着脑与神经科学以及人工智能技术的持续发展，昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理启发下的感知/认知/路径规划/动作决策一体化类脑导航技术得到了较大发展，可以实现由原始感知信息输入到导航动作决策的直接输出，呈现出接近动物端到端面向目标导航的智能行为，具有提高密集型无人机集群导航鲁棒性、准确性、实时响应动作、自主智能性以及计算效率的潜力。阐述了昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理及其互补对称关系，以及昆虫和哺乳动物大脑导航机理启发的端到端类脑导航技术内涵；论述了类脑导航技术研究进展，包括类脑环境感知、类脑空间认知、面向目标类脑导航；分析了类脑导航向智能化、神经形态系统以及群体导航发展的新趋势；最后讨论了类脑导航技术应用于无人机密集集群系统时存在的挑战。

Brain-inspired navigation technology integrating perception and action decision: A review and outlook

With the sustained development of brain and neuroscience as well as artificial intelligence, brain-like navigation technology inspired by insect & mammal has been greatly developed, integrating the abilities of perception, cognition, path planning and action decision-making. The brain-inspired navigation can directly produce action decision-making of navigation based on the perception input from raw sensory cues, with emerging intelligence similar to the end-to-end character of goal-directed navigation of animal, which can potentially improve the performance of robustness, accuracy, real-time response to action decision-making, autonomy & intelligence, and computing efficiency of the dense UAV swarm navigation. In this paper, we first make a brief discussion of the neural basis of insect & mammal navigation, the complementary symmetry between insect swarm navigation and mammal navigation, and the concept of brain-like navigation technology inspired by insect & mammal. After that, we emphatically review the state of the art of the brain-inspired end-to-end navigation, including brain-inspired perception, spatial cognition, and goal-directed navigation. Then we describe the new trends of brain-inspired navigation towards intelligence, neuromorphic system and swarm navigation. Finally, we analyse the challenges of applying brain-inspired navigation technology to dense UAV swarm.