单一飞行员驾驶模式技术

飞机驾驶机组由20世纪50年代的5乘员驾驶模式减少到了目前的双乘员，然而为了降低航空公司运营成本以及减少双乘员认知不同、操作不一致所带来的安全性隐患，开展了单一飞行员驾驶（SPO）模式研究，SPO是新一代商用飞机发展方向核心技术之一。单一飞行员驾驶模式是描述面向商用飞机单一驾驶员、驾驶舱智能自动系统以及地面航空公司操作员协同实现的飞行驾驶模式。本文首先对单一飞行员驾驶模式系统组成及其系统架构进行了描述，并对比分析了单一飞行员驾驶模式下飞行员、空管系统、航空公司三方协同过程与现有模式的差异点；然后，针对商用飞机主要飞行过程，建立了单一飞行员驾驶模式下各飞行过程组织架构；最后，搭建了面向SPO的远程操控演示验证系统，经过飞行员操作评价，基本可以获取到机上操作所具备的驾驶感受，同时对于飞行计划更改、紧急情况处理等方面更为便利。通过上述内容研究，为中国商用飞机开展单一飞行员驾驶发展奠定了一定的技术基础。

Single pilot operation mode technology

Over the last seventy years, the minimum crew complement for air carrier operation has fallen from five in the 1950s to two today. However, in order to reduce the costs of airlines and the safety risks caused by different perceptions and inconsistent operations of two pilots, Single Pilot Operation (SPO) is the key technology for the next generation operation. SPO mode is the collaborative implementation among single pilot, cockpit intelligent automation, and ground airlines’ operator. In this paper, we describe the system architecture for single pilot operation and its components. The differences between the current operation mode and the single pilot operation in the collaboration among pilot, air traffic management system and airlines, are also introduced. According to the main flight process of commercial aircraft, the organization architecture for each flight process under SPO is presented. The established remote control demonstration and validation system are evaluated by pilots operating, and one dispatcher. The results show our remote control system based on SPO can get the base operating feeling as onboard operating, more conveniently in flight re-planning and emergency situation operation. The above research would be the foundation for the SPO development of commercial aircraft in China.