飞行状态对太阳能飞机中组件性能的影响

基于光伏组件产生功率模型，研究了太阳能飞机中飞行速度、高度、时间及区域等状态参数影响组件性能的规律。以单晶硅组件及Xihe太阳能飞机为研究对象，当飞机飞行速度增加时，组件产生的功率随之增加但趋于饱和。原因在于速度的增加能有效降低组件的表面温度，但提升是有限的。飞机所需的功率随飞行速度呈现指数增加，且组件产生的功率与飞机所需的功率有能量平衡点。组件产生的功率随飞行高度的增加而增加，但有饱和的趋势。原因在于，当飞行高度上升，大气温度随之下降，组件表面温度下降；同时海拔越高，大气密度和大气通透率越大，太阳辐射增加，从而组件产生的功率增加了；饱和的原因在于组件本身性能的限制。一天之中，组件产生的功率基本以太阳时12点为中心左右近似对称，中午最强；一年中组件性能在夏季最强，冬季最弱。原因在于组件性能主要由所受太阳辐射决定。随着纬度的增加，组件产生的功率减小。原因在于，纬度越高，太阳高度角越小，组件所能接受到的太阳辐射也就越小；纬度越低，组件总产生功率越高且平稳。纬度低的地区更适合太阳能飞机的飞行。该文为太阳能飞机的能量分配、长时间驻空提供一定的帮助。

Effect of flight state parameters of solar aircraft on photovoltaic module performance

The effects of flight state parameters such as speed, altitude, time, and regions of solar aircraft on the performance of photovoltaic modules are studied based on the power generation model of photovoltaic modules. Taking the monocrystalline silicon module and the Xihe solar aircraft as research objects, this paper concludes that with the increase of flight speed, the power generated by the module increases but tends to saturate, because the speed increase will effectively reduce the surface temperature of the modules. However, the performance improvement is limited, since the power required by the aircraft increases exponentially with the speed increase, and there is an energy balance between the power generated by the modules and that required by the aircraft. The power generated by the modules also increases with the tendency to saturate when the flight altitude rises because of temperature drop in the air and on the surface of the module; meanwhile, the higher the altitude, the smaller the atmospheric density and atmospheric permeability, the larger the solar radiation intensity, and thus the more power generated by the module. The saturation is due to the performance limitations of the components. During a day, the power generated by the components is approximately symmetrical around the axis of 12 o'clock solar time, and is strongest at noon. The battery performance is strongest in summer and weakest in winter, because the module performance is mainly determined by the intensity of solar radiation. As the latitude increases, the power produced by the components decreases, because the higher the latitude and thus the smaller the solar altitude angle, the less the solar radiation the photovoltaic module can receive. The lower the latitude, the higher and more stable the total power generated by the module is. This paper can provide reference for the energy distribution of solar aircraft and long-time space flight.