人体冲撞耐受性分析中的数值模型

 对人体在驾驶椅上臀部和头部受冲击载荷作用时的动力响应做了有限元计算分析，工况参照直升机垂直坠毁过程的人员生存性评估标准，材料选用可描述人体生物本构特性的参数，载荷分为定速垂直冲撞型和外力作用型，包括：阶跃载荷、矩形脉冲载荷和三角形脉冲载荷。结果显示，对于各种工况，颈部均出现较高应力，为危险区域。对于头部受不同形式冲击载荷作用的情况，颅骨的动力响应基本保持一致，说明颅骨的响应对载荷形状不敏感。

Numerical Models for Analyzing Crashworthiness of Human Body

The dynamic responses of head and buttock of human body in a seat subjected to impulsive loadings are studied through finite element calculation.The loading condition is given on the basis of the survival criterion of pilots/crew as the helicopter crashes vertically.The materials are selected by considering the biologic parameters that can reflect some key constitutive characteristics of general human body.There are two types of loading in the calculations,i.e.,vertical impact and external loading including step loading,rectangular pulse force and triangular pulse force.From the numerical results,it is found that the high effective stresses appear at the neck of the human body for all loading conditions,which is the dangerous region.When the head is subjected to different forms of impulsive loadings,the dynamic responses of the skull are almost identical,which indicates that the dynamic response of the skull is insensitive to the loading form.