地基激光清除空间碎片过程建模与仿真

 空间碎片对人类航天活动的影响越来越大,用地基高能脉冲激光清除空间碎片被认为是一种可行手段。分析了地基激光清除空间碎片的原理,建立了碎片清除过程轨道动力学模型,通过选取两种典型的ps级和ns级激光器,对空间碎片的清除效果进行了仿真计算。结果表明:对于800 km和1 500 km轨道高度上的某典型空间碎片,两种激光器均不能在其一次过顶将其清除,需多次过顶才能达到清除效果;在进入大气层烧毁前,均需烧蚀一定的质量,而且轨道高度越高,烧蚀质量越多;ps级激光器比ns级激光器具有优势,15 kJ、 10 ns、 2 Hz的ns级激光器清除800 km和1 500 km轨道高度上的碎片所需总能量分别是150 J、1 ps、 65 Hz的ps级激光器的2.95倍和3.31倍。研究结果可为碎片清除方案制定和地基激光器参数选择提供依据。

Modeling and Simulation on Ground-based Lasers Cleaning Space Debris

Space debris poses a dangerous threat to space activities.Ground-based laser is regarded as a feasible means to clean space debris.This paper analyzes the cleaning principle and constructes a model of orbital dynamics on debris removing.The effects are simulated by selecting two typical classes of lasers of ps and ns.Results show that neither of the two lasers could remove typical debris at the altitudes of 800 km and 1 500 km with one pass,and that multiple passes of the debris are required in order to achieve removing goals.A fraction of the mass of the debris must be ablated before it is captured by the atmosphere.The higher its altitude is,the more its ablated mass is needed.The ps class lasers has more advantages than the ns class.The total energy required for cleaning debris with ns class lasers of 15 kJ,10 ns,2 Hz is 2.95 times and 3.31 times that with the ps class of 150 J,1 ps,65 Hz at altitudes of 800 km and 1 500 km,respectively.This study can provide basic information for establishing debris removing schemes and selecting suitable laser parameters.