高分子基自润滑材料的研究进展

 综述了聚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚醚醚酮等几种高聚物的物理机械性能及摩擦磨损特点。详细介绍了高分子基自润滑复合材料发展历史及概况。指出目前高分子基高性能自润滑材料的制备途径主要是通过聚合物与聚合物共混及添加纤维、晶须等来提高基体的机械强度;通过添加各类固体自润滑剂来提高摩擦性能;并通过电子辐射处理及等离子表面改性和离子注入等手段进行改性处理,有效提高其综合性能。高分子基自润滑材料可取代传统金属材料,成为全新的一类耐摩擦磨损材料。

Development of Several Self-Lubricating Materials of Polymer Matrix

Physical and mechanical properties and friction and wear characteristics of several polymers are reviewed in this article. Development history and situation are presented in detail. Preparation methods of polymer matrix lubricating materials have following measures: matrix mechanical properties are improved by blending polymer with polymers, fibres and whiskers; friction performances are improved by adding solid self-lubricating additives; and surface modifications are achieved by electron-radiation, plasma spraying and ion implantation. So the integrative properties of polymer matrix are improved effectively. Polymer matrix self-lubricating materials can be used instead of many traditional metal materials and become a new kind of friction and wear materials.