振动对电连接器接触性能退化的影响

长期振动作用下,电连接器插孔易出现应力松弛现象,引起接触性能的退化。针对接触件的结构特点,提出了一种接触压力监测方法和接触性能退化试验方案,设计了试验电路并进行了试验。试验结果表明:(1)接触压力波动程度受振动频率与加速度共同影响,高频振动下,接触压力值波动程度约为低频振动下的3~7倍;但随着振动加速度的增大,低频振动下接触压力波动程度的增幅更为明显;(2)随着振动次数的增加,接触压力逐渐减小;振幅越大,接触压力的降幅越明显;试验后插孔槽宽的变化规律与之吻合,且振幅越大,振动累积效应的差异性越明显;但接触电阻无明显的变化趋势。因此,振动引发的插孔应力松弛现象和电连接器接触性能退化的演变极其缓慢,但振动影响的差异性可能会导致突发性偶然失效现象。

Influence of vibration on contact performance degradation of electrical connectors

The jack of the electrical connector is an elastic element,and is easy to show stress relaxation under the effect of long-term vibration,so as to leads to performance degradation of electrical connectors.A contact force monitoring method and contact performance degradation test scheme are proposed,and a circuit is designed for the test.The test result shows that the fluctuation of the contact force is influenced by vibration frequency and acceleration.The contact force fluctuation un der high frequency vibration is about 3-7 times of that under low frequency vibration.The contact force fluctuation under low frequency vibration increases more obviously with the increase of vibration acceleration.The contact force decreases with the increase of vibrations.The larger the vibration amplitude is,the more obvious the decrease of the contact force is.The change law of the slot width after the test is consistent with that of the contact force.Moreover,the larger the vibration amplitude is,the more obvious the difference of the slot width variation is.However,the contact resistance has no obvious change tendency.Therefore,although the evolution process of stress relaxation and the contact performance degradation of electrical connectors caused by vibration are extremely slow,the difference of vibration effect can lead to sudden accidental failure of electrical connectors.