自愈合机敏复合材料综述

综述了中空纤维释放黏结剂的裂纹愈合及近期开发的机敏裂纹自愈合复合材料的研究进展。对后者微胶囊促使的机敏裂纹自愈合进行了详尽的阐述。其中包括愈合剂和催化剂的结构、微胶囊的形成和外表连接催化剂、愈合剂系统原位聚合反应、纯环氧树脂基体和复合材料中的裂纹自愈合、愈合效率及愈合复合材料微观表征等方面。一个典型的双相自愈合系统是包含于微胶囊中的二聚环戊二烯（DCPD），通过埋于环氧基体中的钌络合物催化剂进行开环转位聚合反应（ROMP），形成新的聚合物来愈合裂纹。在纯环氧树脂基体中，上述自愈合系统在室温下的愈合效率可高达90％，而在碳纤维复合材料中室温下的愈合效率大致是45％，在80℃可提高到80％。降冰片烯（Norbomene）及其衍生物具有同以上系统相似的自愈合功能。三聚呋喃和四聚马来酰亚胺可在无催化剂作用下，进行热可逆的、无终止的交联聚合反应，自动愈合裂纹。同时，对以上三种自愈合剂系统及复合材料的特点进行了比较。

An Overview on Self-Healing Smart Composites

The crack healing by hollow fibre delivery of chemical adhesives, along with the recently formulated concept of self-healing smart composites, is reviewed in this paper. The latter, whereby the procedure of microcapsules induced crack self-healing, is thoroughly investigated. Discussion comprises a number of topics including the structures of healing agents and catalysts employed, microcapsule forming and exterior attachments with a catalyst, in-situ polymerisation kinetics, crack self-healing in neat epoxy and composites, healing efficiency and microscopes of healed composites. A typical dual phase self-healing system involves microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) performing ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) under an embedded Ru catalyst complex within an epoxy matrix. For neat epoxy resin the healing efficiency is as high as 90% at ambient temperature, while for carbon fabric reinforced composites it is approximately 45% at room temperature and up to 80% at 80℃. Norbornene (NB) and its derivates have a similar self-healing function. An un-catalysed thermal reversible reaction of a multi-furan and multi-maleimide can form endless re-mendable cross-linked polymerization to heal cracks automatically. A comparison of the characteristics of various self-healing agent systems and composites are proposed.