新型轻质隔热、透波Al-B-O 陶瓷的研究进展

Al5BO9、Al4B2O9等Al-B-O体系硼莫来石陶瓷具有低密度、低热导率、宽带隙等优异性能,在飞行器的隔热、透波、热密封等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文系统介绍了这类新材料的结构、性能和制备方法。在理论计算方面,介绍了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算对Al-B-O体系材料晶体结构、力学和热学性能的预测;实验方面,总结了固相反应、熔盐法、溶胶-凝胶法、热分解法和水热法等制备方法和力学、热学等实验结果,并讨论了该体系化合物的应用现状及未来发展方向。

Review on Recent Progress of Lightweight, Thermal Insulting and Wave Transparent Al-B-O Ceramics

Boronmullite ceramics in Al-B-O system such as Al₅BO₉ and Al₄B₂O₉ have superior properties,including low density,low thermal conductivity and wide band gap.They are promisingthe in applications including thermal protection,wave transparent and thermal sealing in hypersonic vehicles.In this paper, recent progress on structure,synthesis and properties of compounds in Al-B-O system were reviewed.Theoretically,first-principles calculation based on density functional theory(DFT) is introduced to predict the crystal structure,elastic and thermal properties of these materials.Experimentally,synthesis methods such as solid-phase reaction,high-temperature molten-salt method,sol-gel method and thermal decomposition method are summarized.The applications and perspective of these materials are also discussed.