航天器空间辐射防护材料与防护结构

电子、质子、重离子、光子等空间辐射环境可在航天器材料或元器件中产生单粒子效应、总剂量效应、表面充放电效应、位移损伤效应、内带电效应等,因此,需要对航天器进行空间辐射防护。本文首先介绍空间辐射防护原理和防护有效性,进而从材料、分系统(或部组件)、航天器3个不同维度,对质量屏蔽防护材料、静电防护材料、抗辐射功能材料、航天器局部辐射防护结构和整星辐射防护结构进行了探讨,最后对未来发展的方向进行了讨论。

Protection of Materials and Structures From Space Radiation Environments on Spacecraft

Spacecraft in orbit will encounter space radiation environments such as electron,proton,heavy ions, photon,etc.,which results in the space radiation effects such as single event effects,total ionizing dose effects, displacement damage effects, surface charging and discharging or electrostatic discharging and internal charging effects. So it is necessary to protect the spacecraft from space radiation.In this paper,the protection principle and validity from space environments on spacecraft are introduced firstly,and the protection materials and structures such as mass shielding material,ESD protection material,radiation hardening functional material,local protection structure,whole-spacecraft protection structure,are discussed in light of three dimensions including material,subsystem,spacecraft.Finally some development directions on protection material and structure from space radiation environments are proposed.