环境参数对飞机防冰热载荷的影响规律

为在飞机热气防冰系统设计过程中准确计算防护表面的防冰热载荷,以某飞机翼段模型为例,对防冰热载荷计算开展了研究,给出了计算流程,研究了来流速度、高度、温度、液态水含量和水滴直径等环境参数变化对翼段表面热载荷分布规律的影响。研究结果表明:①热载荷主要分布在机翼前缘,且越靠近翼尖部分热载荷数值越大,热载荷曲线呈现中间低两边高的分布;②表面热载荷分布范围和量级与来流速度和水滴直径呈正相关关系;飞行高度的变化对表面热载荷分布的影响较小;来流温度降低或液态水含量增加,热载荷数值增大但分布范围不变；水滴直径增加10 μm，上翼面热载荷分布范围增加约50%。 

Influnce of environment parameters on anti-icing heat load for aircraft

To accurately calculate the surface heat load for the design of the anti-icing system of an aircraft, the method for calculation of anti-icing heat load was studied and the calculation process was presented. And the influnce of the incoming flow speed, flight altitude, temperature, liquid water content and median volumetric diameter on the surface heat load distribution was studied. The results showed that: (1) the heat load was mainly located at the leading edge of the wing, and the closer to the tip of the wing, the larger the heat load value. The heat load curve had a trough in the middle and two shoulders at each side. (2) The non-zero range and the amplitude of the surface heat load were in proportion to the incoming flow speed and water median volumetric diameter. The variation of the flight altitude had trivial influence. As the incoming flow temperature decreased or liquid water content increased, the amplitude of the heat load increased, but the distribution range of the curve remained the same. The distribution range of the heat load on upper wing surface increased about 50% as the diameter of the water droplet increased 10 μm.