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RAPID – The Imaging Energetic Particle Spectrometer on Cluster |
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| Authors: | B Wilken W I Axford I Daglis P Daly W GÜTTLER W H Ip A Korth G Kremser S Livi V M Vasyliunas J Woch D Baker R D Belian J B Blake J F Fennell L R Lyons H Borg T A Fritz F Gliem R Rathje M Grande D Hall K KecsuemÉTY S Mckenna-LAWLOR K Mursula P Tanskanen Z Pu I Sandahl E T Sarris M Scholer M Schulz F SØRASS S Ullaland |
| Institution: | (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany;(2) Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A;(3) Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, U.S.A;(4) The Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90009, U.S.A;(5) Institut för Rymdfysik, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;(6) Center of Space Physics, Boston University, MA, 02215, U.S.A;(7) Institut für Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, Techn. University, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany;(8) Science and Engineering Research Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, 0X11 OQX, U.K;(9) Central Research Institute for Physics, Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary;(10) Experimental Physics Department, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland;(11) Department of Physics, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland;(12) Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;(13) Institutet för Rymdfysik, Swedish Institut of Space Physics, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden;(14) Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece;(15) Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterr. Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany;(16) Lockheed Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, U.S.A.;(17) Physics Department, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway |
| Abstract: | The RAPID spectrometer (Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors) for the Cluster mission is an advanced particle detector for the analysis of suprathermal plasma distributions in the energy range from 20–400 keV for electrons, 40 keV–1500 keV (4000 keV) for hydrogen, and 10 keV nucl-1–1500 keV (4000 keV) for heavier ions. Novel detector concepts in combination with pin-hole acceptance allow the measurement of angular distributions over a range of 180° in polar angle for either species. Identification of the ionic component (particle mass A) is based on a two-dimensional analysis of the particle's velocity and energy. Electrons are identified by the well-known energy-range relationship. Details of the detection techniques and in-orbit operations are described. Scientific objectives of this investigation are highlighted by the discussion of selected critical issues in geospace. |
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