Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI): Instrument Design and Calibration |
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Authors: | Christoph R Englert John M Harlander Charles M Brown Kenneth D Marr Ian J Miller J Eloise Stump Jed Hancock James Q Peterson Jay Kumler William H Morrow Thomas A Mooney Scott Ellis Stephen B Mende Stewart E Harris Michael H Stevens Jonathan J Makela Brian J Harding Thomas J Immel |
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Institution: | 1.Space Science Division,U.S. Naval Research Laboratory,Washington,USA;2.Space Systems Research Corporation,Alexandria,USA;3.LightMachinery Inc.,Nepean,Canada;4.Orbital/ATK,Beltsville,USA;5.Space Dynamics Laboratory,Logan,USA;6.Jenoptik Optical Systems LLC,Jupiter,USA;7.Resonance Ltd.,Barrie,Canada;8.Materion Corporation,Westford,USA;9.Photon Engineering,Tucson,USA;10.Space Sciences Laboratory,University of California-Berkeley,Berkeley,USA;11.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,USA |
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Abstract: | The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument was built for launch and operation on the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission. The instrument was designed to measure thermospheric horizontal wind velocity profiles and thermospheric temperature in altitude regions between 90 km and 300 km, during day and night. For the wind measurements it uses two perpendicular fields of view pointed at the Earth’s limb, observing the Doppler shift of the atomic oxygen red and green lines at 630.0 nm and 557.7 nm wavelength. The wavelength shift is measured using field-widened, temperature compensated Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) spectrometers, employing low order échelle gratings operating at two different orders for the different atmospheric lines. The temperature measurement is accomplished by a multichannel photometric measurement of the spectral shape of the molecular oxygen A-band around 762 nm wavelength. For each field of view, the signals of the two oxygen lines and the A-band are detected on different regions of a single, cooled, frame transfer charge coupled device (CCD) detector. On-board calibration sources are used to periodically quantify thermal drifts, simultaneously with observing the atmosphere. The MIGHTI requirements, the resulting instrument design and the calibration are described. |
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