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空间站微重力环境研究与分析
引用本文:杨彪,胡添元.空间站微重力环境研究与分析[J].载人航天,2014(2):178-183.
作者姓名:杨彪  胡添元
作者单位:北京空间技术研制试验中心,北京100094
摘    要:太空中的微重力环境对基础科学研究和新技术开发具有重要意义,为了满足未来我国空间站开展微重力科学实验的需求,需要对空间站上的微重力水平进行分析和评估,指导高微重力要求实验载荷的布局和微重力实验期间的飞行任务规划。空间站上的微重力水平用加速度值度量,通常可以分为准稳态加速度、瞬态加速度和振动加速度。针对此问题调研总结了国际空间站的微重力研究情况,并以400 km轨道高度上100吨级"T"字型积木式空间站作为算例,估算其准稳态加速度大小及分布,并初步分析瞬态加速度水平的量级。结果表明,空间站准稳态加速度水平在1μgn量级,主要贡献来自重力梯度效应;瞬态加速度可达103μgn量级。文章对将来我国空间站微重力应用支持的设计工作有一定的借鉴意义。

关 键 词:空间站  微重力  准稳态加速度  瞬态加速度  振动加速度

Study and Analysis of Microgravity Environment onboard Manned Space Station
YANG Biao,HU Tianyuan.Study and Analysis of Microgravity Environment onboard Manned Space Station[J].Manned spaceflight,2014(2):178-183.
Authors:YANG Biao  HU Tianyuan
Institution:(Institute of Manned Space System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China)
Abstract:The space microgravity environment is very important for the basic science research and new technology development .The analysis and evaluation of microgravity magnitude on space station is helpful for designing the layout of payloads and flight model during the period of conducting micro -gravity experiments .The microgravity magnitude is characterized by acceleration value , usually clas-sified as quasi-steady acceleration , transient acceleration and vibratory acceleration .The research progress of microgravity utilization in the International Space Station was summarized .Then, given a three-module space station orbiting on a height of 400 km with configuration of alphabet ‘T’ and mass of 100 ton, the magnitudes of quasi-steady and transient acceleration magnitudes were esti-mated and analyzed .The results showed that the magnitude of quasi-steady acceleration is on the level of 1μgn, attributing mostly from the gravity gradient effect , while the transient acceleration can reach the level of 103μgn.It is of reference value for designing the microgravity applications on space station of China in the future .
Keywords:manned space station  microgravity  quasi-steady acceleration  ttransient acceleration  vibratory acceleration
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