An overview of infrared thermography techniques used in large wind tunnels |
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| Institution: | 1. ONERA, Fundamental and Experimental Aerodynamics Department, Chalais-Meudon, France;2. ONERA, Aerodynamics and Energetics Modeling Department, Toulouse, France;3. ONERA, Engineering and Testing Facilities Division, Modane Onera, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France;1. Key Lab of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Gas Turbine Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;1. Key Lab of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Gas Turbine Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Supercomputing Center, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;1. International Joint Research Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Space Development and Disaster Prevention, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China;3. Institute of Urban Construction, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 064003, China;4. School of Mining Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;5. College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China |
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| Abstract: | Infrared thermography (IRT) is used at Onera in large facilities for boundary layer visualization and for heat flux assessment. Modern IR cameras and insulating paints enable efficient visualization of the laminar/turbulent transition region. This technique is now applied in large transonic test facilities. Heat flux assessment is one of the main purposes of hypersonic tests. It is done mainly with IRT and dedicated softwares, while sensors as thermocouples are used to check the reliability of IRT. A 1D data reduction method has been developed to provide the heat flux through temperature measurements. It takes into account thickness and curvature effects. The method has been recently improved to be used with steel models covered with an insulating paint, which provides a high emissivity. The temperature film is converted into a heat flux film, which is be used to extract the useful information. This requires image processing tools that relate every pixel to a point on the model. A new application of IRT is going on in the Onera's high enthalpy hypersonic wind tunnel F4. The camera is used in single-line scan mode because of the short duration of the run. The main difficulty comes from the flow, which is not transparent. The first trial to cope with this kind of optical pollution is encouraging. |
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