规制与放松规制:美国铁路体制改革的启示

我国落后的铁路管制体系导致铁路企业无法充分利用市场竞争机制对市场环境做出快速调整,从而在市场竞争中处于一种被动的局面。为此,铁路产业的规制改革势在必行,其根本目的在于提高铁路业的效率与竞争力。美国铁路业经历了规制与放松规制过程。19世纪末至20世纪中后期,美国联邦政府对铁路业进行了严格的经济规制,但是随着经济的发展,美国政府意识到对铁路严格管制的弊端,开始对铁路业放松管制,铁路业又重新恢复了活力。因此,政府规制一定要审时度势,政府规制政策的出台与制定需要适时地根据实际形势和情况的改变而进行调整。此外,要以规制立法为先导进行铁路改革,并且建立独立的政府规制机构。

Regulatin and Deregulatin:American Railroad Industry Reform and Its Implications

The Chinese backward railroad regulation system leads to the inefficiency of the railroad enterprises which couldn't change according to the market situation.Thus,it is urgent to reform the railroad industry regulation system and the aim is to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the railroad industry.This paper analyzes the American railroad industry regulation reform and its implications.The Chinese railroad industry regulation reform could draw lessons from the American railroad industry regulation reform experiences.