空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响

空中发射可以明显提高火箭有效载荷，减少火箭发射场地的数量和高额的维护经费，缩短发射周期。本文研究了空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响，通过飞行轨道的模型简化，首先建立了火箭飞行的数学模型，然后定量地分析了发射高度和发射速度对火箭入轨后有效载荷的影响。研究结果表明：若提高发射高度和发射速度，可以明显增加有效载荷，且基本发射高度、发射速度分别与有效载荷表现为线性关系。相对地面发射来说，如果初始高度达到30千米，有效载荷提升到1.63倍；如果初始高度达到30千米，初始速度达到1000米每秒（约3马赫），有效载荷将是传统地面发射的5.43倍。单纯从初始高度和速度的因素看，初始发射速度对有效载荷提升的影响更显著，故在考虑经济性情况下设计发射平台时应更加注重发射速度的提高。

Effect of Initial State of Air-launch on Payload of Launch Vehicle

Ari-launch can significantly improve rocket payloads, reduce the number of rocket launch sites and the high maintenance funds, and shorten the launch cycle. In this paper, the influence of the initial state of air-launch on the payload of the launch vehicle is studied, and the mathematical model of the rocket flight is first established by the model of the flight orbit, and then the influence of the launch height and the firing velocity on the payload of the rocket after entering the orbit is analyzed quantitatively. The results show that if the emission height and emission velocity are increased, the payload will increase obviously, and the basic emission height and emission velocity are linearly related to the payload respectively. Relative to ground launches, if the initial height reaches 30-kilometer, the payload is increased to 1.63 times, and if the initial height reaches 30-kilometer and the initial speed reaches 1000 meters per second (about Mach 3), the payload will be 5.43 times the traditional ground launch. From the point of view of initial height and speed, the effect of initial emission velocity on the increase of payload is more significant, so we should pay more attention to the increase of launch speed when designing the launch platform under the consideration of economy.