垂直起降固定翼无人机的翼尖垂尾设计分析

垂直起降固定翼无人机兼具固定翼飞机速度快、航程远和多旋翼无人机垂直起降、可悬停作业的优点,研究其翼尖垂尾对整机气动特性的影响具有重要意义。垂直起降固定翼无人机采用翼尖下垂尾的设计可以在充当垂尾使用的同时兼具翼尖小翼和起落架的作用。对比下垂尾、上垂尾、翼梢端板和常规布局四种翼尖设计,采用LBM-LES算法、壁面自适应局部涡粘大涡模拟湍流模型对四种设计的气动特性进行仿真模拟分析。结果表明:翼尖下垂尾在平飞状态时比其他三种设计气动效率更高,在垂直起降或悬停状态时,抗侧风稳定性更好。

Design analysis of wing tip vertical tail of the vertical takeoff and landing fixed-wing UAV

The vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV has the advantages of convenient use and superior performance, and is the key direction for the development of UAVs in the future.The vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV is designed with the drooping tail of the wing tip to be used as a vertical tail with both wingtips and landing gear.In order to understand the aerodynamic influence of the wing tip vertical tail on the whole of the UAV, the paper compares the four wingtip designs of the drooping tail, upper vertical tail, wing tip end plate and conventional layout.The aerodynamic characteristics of the four designs are simulated and analyzed by using LBM-LES algorithm and the wall self-adaptive local vortex viscous large eddy simulation turbulence model.The analysis results show that the drooping tail of the wing tip is more efficient than the other three designs in the leveling state; the stability against the crosswind is better in the vertical takeoff or landing state.