水上飞机起飞历程的水动力特性分析

水上飞机能够在水面高效起降得益于船体布局的精细化设计,而深入掌握水上飞机的水面起飞滑行 规律对于飞机的研制至关重要。采用水池拖曳试验和数值模拟方法两种研究方法探寻流动机制,分析大型两 栖水上飞机滑行过程中的水动力特性。结果表明:利用计算流体动力学技术可以较为精确地模拟复杂外形的 两相流耦合六自由度运动,与水池拖曳试验的流场形态和模型动力学特性吻合,在起飞全过程中阻力误差均在 10%以内;对于带起落架舱的大型两栖水上飞机,前体舭弯产生的强烈喷溅是阻力峰产生的根本原因。

Investigation on the Hydrodynamics of Seaplane Takeoff Process

Abstract: Benefit from the refined design of the hull layout, the seaplane can efficiently take off and land on the water surface. In-depth understanding characteristics of the water take-off and taxiing is crucial for the development of aircraft. Two research methods, towing test and numerical simulation method, are used to explore the flow mechanism, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the large-scale amphibious seaplane during taxiing are analyzed. In order to ensure that the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces in the towing test are similar at the same time, the force and moment are unloaded, meantime the rigid external force module is added to the calculation platform to simulate the test unloading. The results show that CFD technology can be used for the two-phase flow coupling six-degree-of-freedom motion of complex shape without any detrimental loss of accuracy, and the flow field and model dynamics in the test are reproduced by simulation, yielding that the resistance error is within 10% during the whole take-off process. Furthermore, for large amphibious seaplanes with landing gear, the strong splash from the fore-body hull is the root cause of the hump drag.