民机应急撤离实验与仿真研究进展

民机乘员的应急撤离是人-机-环境多系统耦合作用过程,涉及人员行为、客舱环境、灾害情况等复 杂因素,客舱布局、人员属性、应急措施等均对应急撤离过程及结果有显著影响。由于应急撤离与民机安全性 直接相关,运输类飞机适航标准规定44座以上的民用飞机需进行全尺寸应急撤离适航符合性演示试验,要求 在指定环境条件下于90s内完成撤离过程。本文梳理了适航标准对民机应急撤离的要求,对应急撤离实验研 究方法和数值仿真方法进行了总结归纳,并结合未来民机安全设计需求和相关技术的发展对应急撤离问题研 究的发展趋势进行了展望。

Advances in Experiment and Simulation of Civil Aircraft Emergency Evacuation

The emergency evacuation of passengers and crew on a civil aircraft is a man-machine-environment multi-system coupling process, which involves complex factors such as human behavior, cabin environment, disaster situation, etc. Cabin layout, personnel attributes, emergency measures all have a significant influence on the process and results of emergency evacuation. As emergency evacuation is directly related to the safety of civil aircraft, the airworthiness standard of transport aircraft requires that civil aircraft with more than 44 seats must perform a full-scale emergency evacuation test for airworthiness demonstration, demanding the evacuation process to be completed within 90 seconds under specified environmental conditions. This paper outlines the airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft for emergency evacuation, summarizes the experimental research methods and numerical simulation methods of emergency evacuation, and prospects the research trend about emergency evacuation combined with the future requirements of civil aircraft safety design and the development of related technologies.