基于Markov过程的卫星星座备份策略研究

如何在满足星座可用性指标的同时降低卫星星座备份成本，是当前研究的热点问题。为了选出一种兼顾星座性能与经济效益的备份策略，研究不同备份策略对某低轨卫星星座性能的影响，建立考虑降级运行的星座可用度模型，利用Markov 状态转移过程对星座可用度模型进行求解，并基于真实低轨卫星星座在轨运行数据对采用不同备份策略的星座在不同星座等级下的可用度进行计算。结果表明：在每条轨道上部署两颗备份卫星可以使该星座在满足可用度要求的情况下备份费用最低，该备份策略对低轨卫星星座的建设有一定的参考价值，可以在合理降低成本的前提下，为精确地配置备份卫星提供指导。

Study of Satellite Constellation Spare Strategy Based on Markov Process

In response to the issue of reducing satellite constellation backup costs while meeting constellation availability metrics. This paper studies the impact of different spare strategies on the performance of a Low Earth Orbit satellite constellation and select the best spare strategy that takes into account both the performance and economic efficiency of the constellation. First and foremost, a constellation availability model with degraded operation is developed. Secondly, the Markov process is used to solve this model. Last but not least, the availability of the constellation with different spare strategies at different constellation levels is calculated based on the operation data of a real LEO satellite constellation. The results of the analysis prove that deploying two backup satellites in each orbit can make the constellation with the lowest spare cost while meeting the availability requirement. The spare strategy proposed in this paper has a certain reference value for the construction of LEO satellite constellations and can provide guidance for the accurate configuration of spare satellites with reasonable cost reduction.