三维数字图像相关技术(3D DIC)在材料形变研究中的应用进展

三维数字图像相关技术(3D DIC)由于其非接触、全场化的测量方式,与其他光测方法相比,具有自动化、光路简单、普适性及抗干扰能力强等优点,广泛应用于多领域多种材料的力学性能测试中,但在应用过程中会出现测量精确性不确定、高温实验测量误差大、大曲率物体可测面积有限等问题。综述了3D DIC在不同种类材料常规力学实验中的应用,通过对比分析3D DIC、传统引伸计测量结果及有限元模拟结果,验证该技术精确性;由于高温和大变形测量中3D DIC的应用是目前的研究热点和难点,故重点介绍了高温散斑制备和多相机DIC等最新技术进展;指出在散斑对测量精度影响、微应变尺度测量、环境因素对测量效果干扰以及在军事材料和生物医学领域应用等方面还需对3D DIC进一步研究。

Development and Application of 3D Digital Image Correlation(3D DIC) in Deformation Measurement of Materials

As a non-conduct and whole field measurement method,3D DIC (3D digital image correlation) is widely used in mechanical properties test of many types of materials in varies fields.Compared with other optical measurement methods, it has advantages as automation, simple optical path, strong universality and anti-interference and so on.But it has some problems in the process of application, i.e.the measurement accuracy is uncertain, the high temperature test condition seriously affects the experimental results, and the measurable area of large curvature specimen is limited.This paper gives a general introduction to the application of 3D DIC in the conventional mechanical property test of different types of materials, and verifies its accuracy by comparing with the traditional extensometer measurement results and the finite element simulation results.It focuses on some latest technological progress, such as the high-temperature speckle preparation and multi-camera DIC, as the application of 3D DIC in the high temperature and large deformation measurement is mostly studied.Moreover, it is pointed out that 3D DIC should be further studied for the influence of speckle on measurement precision,the effect of environmental factors , the measurement of micro strain scale and the application in fields of military and biomedical materials.