铝锂合金热机械处理研究进展

综述了热机械处理对新型铝锂合金强韧化机制影响的研究,深入分析讨论了热机械处理对铝锂合金晶粒结构和沉淀相等显微组织演变规律的影响。通过热机械处理改变主要沉淀相的析出顺序和析出行为,促进基体形成细小、弥散和均匀分布的以δ′,θ″/θ′,T1,S″S′相为主的联合强化组织,抑制晶界沉淀相的析出和长大以及晶界无析出带的宽化,能够显著改善铝锂合金的强度和塑韧性匹配。经过固溶处理基体溶质原子和空位密度显著上升,淬火后形成这些缺陷过饱和固溶体为随后时效析出提供了动力。预变形和预时效促进了基体细小弥散的沉淀相δ′相或G. P.区均匀形核析出,在高温时效调节和稳定沉淀相尺寸和体积分数,获得T1、θ″/θ′和δ′相混合组织。新型和特殊热机械处理调控主要强化相δ′,θ″/θ′,T1相析出比例、尺寸和取向,细化晶粒和优化晶粒结构。最后指出应开发大规格轧制板材和热锻件的应力时效等新型热机械处理工艺,以满足大型航空飞机和重型运载火箭对轻质高性能铝锂合金需求。

Research and Progress of Thermomechanical Treatment of Al-Li Alloys

The strengthening and toughening mechanism of aluminum lithium alloy treated by thermo-mechanical processing have been summarized, and the effect on the evolution of microstructures, grain structure and precipitation, were discussed and analysed deeply. The precipitation sequence and behavior of the main precipitation phase were modified by the thermo-mechanical processing, stimula-ting the forming of fine dispersion combined particles of δ′,θ″/θ′, T1, and S″/S′ phases, uniformly distributed in the matrix, which significantly improved the relationships of strength and the plastic toughness, with the inhibiting of broadening of precipitate free zones, and of the precipitation and coarsening of strengthening particles at the grain boundary. The density of solute atom and vacancies signifi-cantly raised up after solution treating, and retained as supersaturated solid solution after water quenching, which acted as the driving force for the precipitation during subsequent aging. Pre-deformation and pre-aging significantly increased the density of fine dispersion strengthening particles of δ′and G. P. zones,which uniformly nucleated in the matrix, and the combined strengthening phases of δ′,θ″/θ′, and T1 were obtained after high temperature second aging, controlling the size and volume fraction of these particles. Refined grain and optimal grain structure were achieved by new and typical thermo-mechanical processing, and the proportion, size, and orien-ted relationship of main strengthening particles ofδ′,θ″/θ′, and T1 phases were optimized. At last, the research direction of new ther-mo-mechanical treatment on the large scale rolled plates and hot worked forgings is pointed out, such as age forming, to meet the need of light high performance of new aluminum lithium alloys used for the large aircrafs and heavy lift launch vehicles.