航空发动机叶片加工变形控制技术研究现状

叶片的加工精度及其稳定性对航空发动机的性能有直接的影响,然而,其加工难度较大,型面轮廓精度和表面质量很难稳定地达到设计要求。为此,国内外研究者提出了许多叶片加工变形的控制方法。在深入分析叶片变形形成机理的基础上,对现有的叶片加工变形控制方法进行分类总结和分析,阐述了不同叶片变形控制方法的原理和特点。同时,结合目前叶片的结构特点、材料特性和主要加工工艺难题指出,控制叶片型面的加工残余应力变形是实现20μm级叶片型面加工精度的关键,并且指出利用超硬砂轮悬臂高速磨削加工是实现中小型叶片型面综合变形控制的有效方法之一。

Research Status of Machining Deformation Control Method and Technology of Aeroengine Blade

Proifle precision and stability of aeroengine blade has a direct inlfuence on the global performance of aeroengine. Because of high machining dififculty and weak stiffness, proifle precision and surface quality are very hard to meet the design requirements. So, many methods are developed and utilized to control the deformation of aeroengine blade. Based on the analysis of deformation mechanism and application characteristics, the deformation control methods and mechanism for machining aeroengine blade are classiifed. Meanwhile, different characteristics of deformation control methods are analyzed in depth. According to the structure, dififcult-to-cut material characteristic and some processing prob-lems of aeroengine blade, controlling the deformation caused by residual stress is the key point to reduce the proifle errors of blade to be 20μm. Moreover, the high-speed helical cantilever grinding process using the super-hard abrasive wheel is effective in the ifnish machining aeroengine blade to control the integrated deformation.