光纤陀螺在宇航领域中的应用及发展趋势

光纤陀螺作为全固态惯性仪表，具有长寿命、高可靠和空间环境适应性好等显著优点，已广泛应用于国外各类宇航飞行器上。我国光纤陀螺的宇航应用起步于21世纪初，现已应用于导航卫星、通信卫星、遥感卫星、载人飞船、月球探测器等多种宇航飞行器上，对我国宇航飞行器性能的快速提升起到了重要的促进作用。主要介绍了国内外光纤陀螺宇航应用的情况，重点说明了目前几种主流光纤陀螺的技术方案，并对几种新型光纤陀螺(如光子晶体光纤陀螺)的宇航应用特点进行了分析。最后，从宇航应用的技术需求出发，指出了光纤陀螺宇航应用的几类关键技术和发展趋势。

Application and Development Tendency of Fiber Optic Gyroscope in Space

Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) have now been widely used in space vehicles due to the advantages of all solid-state, long lifetime, high reliability and well adaptability to space harsh environment. In China, FOGs started to be deployed in aerospace vehicles since the beginning of 21st century. It makes a significant contribution to the improvement of performances of chinese spacecrafts including navigation satellites, communication satellites, remote sensing satellites, manned spacecraft and lunar exploration vehicle. In this paper, applications of several FOGs are introduced focusing on different design schemes. New types of fiber optic gyroscopes, such as photonic crystal, are investigated with regart to their characteristics in space applications. Key technology solutions to meeting special requirements of space applications as well as their future developments are discussed in the end.