绝对重力仪的发展现状及重力计量体系介绍

重力测量在国防军事、地质研究、资源勘探、地球物理、地震预报及计量科学等领域有着广泛的应用.在惯性导航系统中对惯性加速度和重力加速度进行分离,可以提高惯性导航的精度.重力加速度测量的准确性需要通过量值溯源来保证,而用于直接测量重力加速度值的绝对重力仪是重力测量量值溯源和传递的主要工具和载体.以此为背景,介绍了绝对重力仪的主要技术和发展现状,从而引出绝对重力测量和重力计量体系是整个重力测量溯源到SI国际单位制,确保其测量量值准确可靠的唯一途径.最后,简单介绍了重力计量体系以及中国计量科学研究院的相关工作.

Development of Absolute Gravimeter and Introduction

Gravity measurement has been wildly used in national defense and military, geological research, resource exploration, geophysics, earthquake prediction, and metrology, etc. In an inertial navigation system, the precision of navigation can be improved by separating the inertial acceleration and gravity acceleration. The accuracy of gravity measurement is required to ensure by the quantity traceability, while absolute gravimeters used for direct measurement of gravitational acceleration are the main tools and carriers for the traceability and transfer of gravity measurement. Based on the above background, the main technology and new development of absolute gravimeter are introduced in this paper. Then absolute gravimetry and gravimetry metrological system are raised to confirm the accuracy of gravity measurement by the way of tracing it to SI unit. Finally, the gravimetry metrological system and the related work in National Institute of Metrology are introduced.