我国空间站运行的测控通信工作模式初探

在分析我国载人空间站在轨运行的任务特点和对测控通信提出的新要求的基础上，对测控通信工作模式进行了探讨。针对任务中心，采用分布式模式进行任务的组织和实施，建立常态化工作体系；针对测控通信资源的使用，对资源进行简化、优化，发挥天、地基各自优势，并实现天地基资源统一调度；针对在轨故障诊断和应急处置，提出了“天地联合，以地为主”的载人航天故障诊断模式和实现途径；针对空间站遥操作需求，提出了一套工作模式和实施流程；针对测控通信长期执行任务的可靠性，提出了任务中心容灾备份工作模式和通信路由的备份模式。以期为后续任务工作模式设计提供参考。

On Operation Modes of TT＆C and Communication Systems for China＇s Space Station

The operation modes of the TT＆C （Telemetry, Tracking and Command） and communication systems for China＇s space station are studied following analysis of the mission characteristics of the space station during its in- orbit operation and its new requirements on TT＆C and communication. For the mission center, distributed mode is used to organize and carry out missions and a normalized standard operation system is established. Mission TT＆C and communication resources are simplified and optimized to leverage the strengths and for unified scheduling of both space-based and ground-based resources. For on-orbit spacecraft fault detection and emergence handling, a new fault diagnosis mode and implementation approaches featuring ＂collaboration between spacecraft and ground facilities based on the ground facilities＂ are proposed. To meet requirements for tele-operation of the space station, a set of mission organization models and implementation processes are put forward. To assure the reliability of long-term TT＆C and communication support, a general design profile is given for a disaster tolerance backup mode and a com- munication route backup mode for the mission center. The results of study provide references to design of the opera- tion mode of follow-on missions.