现代航空声学风洞技术现状与发展

随着航空运输业的发展,飞机的噪声问题日益引起人们的关注.开展航空声学试验研究的地面试验设备主要是航空声学风洞.笔者阐述了大型航空声学风洞的发展,介绍了目前世界上主要的大型航空声学风洞的性能和特点.指出了在航空声学风洞设计中,试验段构型和参数的选择以及试验大厅布置等应考虑的主要问题.论述了风洞的主要噪声源及声学处理技术.阐述了航空声学风洞中声学测量技术的发展.结论指出,目前专用航空声学风洞的背景噪声比常规气动风洞低5～25dB,而第二代汽车/航空声学风洞的背景噪声又比第一代航空声学风洞下降10～15dB.在建造现代航空声学风洞的同时,航空声学风洞中声学测量技术得到了迅速发展.突出的例子是相阵麦克风技术的开发与应用.

The present situation and development of modern aeroacoustic wind tunnel technique

Along with the development of air transportation, the noise problems of airplane lead to more attention with each passing day. The main ground testing equipments for research of aeroacoustic tests are aeroacoustic wind tunnel. In this paper, the development of large-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnels has been described. And the function and feature of these wind tunnels have been introduced. The main problems in the aeroacoutic wind tunnel design must be considered such as the choice of test section configuration and parameters, and the overall arrangement of testing hall has been pointed out. The main noise sources of wind tunnel and the acoustic treatment techniques have been expounded. The development of acoustic measuring techniques in aeroacoustic wind tunnels have been explained in brief. The conclusions show that at present the background noise level of aeroacoustic wind tunnels used for aeronautical work are typically 5 - 25dB quieter than the pure aerodynamic wind tunnels. The background noise level of second-generation wind tunnels used for automotive aeroacoustic testing are 10 - 15dB quieter than the first-generation aeroacoustic wind tunnels. As the modern aeroacoustic wind tunnels are constructed the acoustic measuring techniques in aeroacoustic wind tunnel are developed rapidly. The striking example is the development and application of phased microphone array technology.