空气动压探头的动态响应研究

本文采用动力类比法对用于核爆炸测量的空气动压探头的动态响应进行了理论分析,并对探头的三个压力量程计算了总压边和静压边进气管道中的阻尼孔直径和动压波形的上升时间。分析计算表明,在探头的三个系统中,电学系统对动态响应的影响可忽略不计;力学系统的影响也是较小的;对动态响应起主要作用的是声学系统(即管道空腔系统)。在直径为130mm 激波管中进行了全尺寸探头的动态响应实验。实验表明,阻尼孔直径和波形上升时间的实验值与计算值符合较好。此探头曾多次用于我国大气层核试验测试中。从核爆炸和激波管实验中测得的空气动压波形可看出,它们的前沿都是很好的,这反映出此探头具有良好的动态响应特性。

STUDY OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE AIR DYNAMIC PRESSURE PROBES

A theoretical analysis of the dynamic response of the airdynamic pressure probes for measurements in nuclear explosions is pre-ented by the dynamic analogous method in this paper.Simultaneously,the diameters of damper holes in inletting air tubes of total pressureand static pressure sides and the rise times of dynamic pressure wave-shapes are calculated for three pressure ranges of the probes.The ana-lyses and calculations show that the acoustical system(i.e.the tube andcavity system)play a major role in the dynamic response in three systemsof the probes.While the influences of the electric system onthe dynamicresponse arc negligible,the influences of the mechanic system are alsosmall.The dynamic response experiments of the full-scale probes are donein a 130mm diameter shock tube.The experiments show that the measuredvalues of the diameters of damper holes and the rise times of dynamicpressure waveshapes are good in agreement with the calculated ones oftheirs.The probes have been used for the measurements in atmosphericnuclear tests in this country many times.From the measured air dynamicpressure waveshapes in nuclear explosions and shock tube experimentswe can see that their present fine fronts.These show the probes havevery good dynamic response properties.