切削加工过程数值模拟的研究进展

针对机械工程师基于经验或试验来制定切削加工工艺规程,难以保证产品质量的制造难题,近年来有限元方法在切削加工过程中得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文介绍了国内外切削加工过程数值模拟的研究进展,重点阐述了切削加工过程中塑性变形过程、切屑分离和断裂判定准则、工件与刀具接触和摩擦、切削加工过程中温度场与应力场的热力耦合,以及加工表面层微观组织结构与残余应力的预测等关键技术的研究进展情况。最后对切削加工过程数值模拟的发展方向进行了展望。

Numerical Simulation of Cutting Process: an Overview

The product quality is very difficult to be controlled in manufacturing industry if a mechanical engineer decides the technical procedure based on his experiences and experiments.For this reason,the finite element method(FEM) is more and more widely applied in the cutting process recently.This paper reviews the development in this field,discusses some key aspects in the FEM simulation of the cutting process,including the chip plastic formation,the chip separation criteria,the contact and friction between the workpiece and the tool,thermo-mechanical coupling,and the prediction of machining-induced microstructural changes and residual stresses.Finally,future work of FEM simulation for the cutting process is recommended.