麻花钻磨损振动信号的时域与频域特征分析

本文提出采用振动信号监测钻削过程中钻头的磨损状态。对主轴振动信号随钻头磨损而变化的时域和频域特征进行了实验研究和理论分析。实验表明:振动信号能够较好地反映切削过程中刀具的状态。随着刀具磨损的增加,振动信号的振幅增大,振动能量亦相应增加。信号的时域波形和谱结构表明刀具在即将发生剧烈磨损之前,将出现所谓“转速调制现象”,即与转速同步的振动信号被高频信号所调制。文中解释了这种现象发生的机理,并提出利用该特性进行钻头磨损监测和预报的方法。建立了以APPLE—Ⅱ微型机为主体的刀具磨损监测系统,实际监测试验表明监测系统具有很好的应用前景。

Characteristics Analysis on Vibration Signal of Twist Drill Wear in Time and Frequency Domain

In this paper, it is recommended to take vibration signal for monitoring drill wear states during drilling. Experimental researches and theoretical analysis on the characteristics of spindle vibration signal varying with the tool wear in time and frequency domain have been made. Experiments show that the vibration signal can be used to reflect tool states reliably during machining. With the increment of tool wear, the signal magnitude increases and the vibration energy increases correspondingly. The signal waveforms in time domain and the spectrum structure indicate that a so-called "spindle speed modulating phenomenon" would appear before serious tool wear comes about. The phenomenon mechanism appeared has been explained in the paper, and a method of making use of these signal characteristics for monitoring and predicting tool wear states is put forward. A tool wear monitoring system based on the micro-computer APPLE-II has been established. Practical monitoring test shows the system with a bright prospect in applications.