货运飞船敏感器设备安装精度保证设计

位姿测量敏感器的安装精度直接影响航天器密封舱在轨姿态测量和交会对接控制精度。文章针对敏感器位姿在轨无法标定和载人航天器精度保证设计制约因素多的问题，对货运飞船精度保证设计中需要考虑的停放工装和重力影响、货物空满载、舱压和发射段振动等各种要素进行研究，提出一种融合多要素的载人航天器设备精度保证设计方法，确立基于单因素精度变化量的目标函数，实现精测结果评价量化，保证位姿测量敏感器精度满足在轨测量和控制要求。该方法已成功应用于“天舟”系列货运飞船，未来可应用于其他载人航天器研制中。

Assurance design for guaranteeing installation precision of sensor device mounted on cargo spacecraft

The installation precision of the position and attitude measurement sensors directly affects the in-orbit measurement of the attitude of the sealed cabin and the control accuracy in the rendezvous and the docking process. In view of the difficulties of the in-orbit calibration and the complicated design constraints of the position and attitude sensors, various factors related with the systematic design are analyzed to guarantee the installation precision for the manned spacecraft, and these factors includes the influence of the parking tooling and the gravity, the cargo loading, the internal pressure, and the vibration during launching. A method is proposed for the high accuracy guarantee design by analyzing the integrative assessment of the multiple influencing factors. With the established objective function of the total installation precision as a comprehensive result of the precision variation under each single factor, the corresponding installation precision can be evaluated quantitatively with this method, to meet the requirement of the in-orbit measurement and control. The method has been successfully implemented on the Tianzhou series cargo spacecraft and is going to be used in the development of other manned spacecrafts.