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火星环境对着陆探测任务的影响及设计考虑
引用本文:曲少杰,呼延奇,饶炜,向艳超,张冰强,王闯,董捷,陈百超,李群智.火星环境对着陆探测任务的影响及设计考虑[J].航天器环境工程,2021,38(3):240-247.
作者姓名:曲少杰  呼延奇  饶炜  向艳超  张冰强  王闯  董捷  陈百超  李群智
作者单位:北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京 100094
摘    要:火星着陆探测任务环节多、复杂度高、环境不确定性大,历史成功率低于50%。日前我国首次自主火星探测任务“天问一号”已取得圆满成功,在世界上首次一步实现“绕、落、巡”的火星探测。文章对火星着陆探测任务中考虑的火星环境要素及其量化条件的确定过程进行阐述,包括:探测器系统对环境条件的需求,基于此对火星空间环境、大气环境、表面环境各个要素的梳理分析,重点针对影响探测器进入、下降和着陆过程的环境条件进行量化,并确定偏差范围。实践证明以上设计为火星探测器着陆过程的控制和开伞等关键任务环节提供了重要的输入和约束,也为整个任务的圆满成功提供了有力保障。

关 键 词:着陆探测器    火星空间环境    火星大气环境    火星表面环境    工程设计
收稿时间:2021-06-22

Effects of Mars environment on landing probe mission and related design considerations
Institution:Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
Abstract:The Mars landing exploration mission is characterized by multiple task links, high complexity, and high environmental uncertainty, with a very low success rate of not more than 50%. China has just successfully completed her first Mars exploration mission with the Tianwen-1 Mars probe and the process of “circling, landing and roving” was completed all in one mission as the first such example in the world. This paper discusses the factors of Mars environment being considered in this Mars landing mission and the determination of quantified environmental conditions, including the requirements of each subsystem with respect to the environmental boundaries, the elements of the Mars space environment, the Mars atmospheric environment and the surface environment, focusing on the determination of the environmental factors that affect the enter, descent and landing process, and the determination of the deviation range of the environmental parameters. It is shown that with the above design considerations, important inputs and constrains can be provided for the control and the parachute opening in the landing process, thus, in a large extent, the success of the whole mission is guaranted.
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