航天器舱内中子辐射探测技术

航天器舱内中子对于舱内电子设备和人员安全都存在潜在的巨大威胁,中子探测对于改进航天器防护层的设计,保护设备与人员安全都具有重要的意义。然而舱内中子辐射环境复杂,中子探测会受到带电粒子的干扰。文章主要调研了国外中子辐射环境及其效应探测载荷技术的发展现状,并对国外典型的中子辐射环境探测器的技术特点进行了总结。结合国外中子探测技术发展动态和我国的技术状况,对我国进一步发展载人航天器舱内中子辐射环境探测技术提出了建议。

Detection techniques of neutron irradiation inside spacecraft

The neutrons inside spacecraft pose a big potential threat to the safety of astronauts and electronic equipment. It is extremely important to detect neutrons for improving the shielding design of spacecrafts and protecting the health of astronauts. Due to the complicated inner-cabin neutron environment, the neutron detection can be interfered by charged particles. This paper reviews the current status of the detection techniques related with the neutron irradiation environment and its effects, and the technical characteristics of the typical neutron detectors used successfully in space missions. With respect to the development trends of the neutron detection techniques and the current state of the art in China, it is suggested that the further development of neutron irradiation detectors of manned spacecrafts in China is necessary.