基于计算机的低地球轨道航天器设计与观测的轨道碎片环境模型

文章介绍了一个半经验的基于计算机的轨道碎片模型。该模型将轨道环境简化为6个不同的倾角带,每个倾角带都有各自的半长轴和近地点分布及根据不同的碎片来源有其各自的尺寸分布。用碰撞概率方程将轨道碎片分布与航天器上的碎片通量或通过地面探测器视角的通量联系起来。经比较,碎片的半长轴、近地点和倾角分布与美国空间司令部大于10cm的碎片目录是一致的。对于较小的碎片,这些分布与地面望远镜、“干草堆”雷达的测量结果一致,同时也与LDEF卫星和航天飞机的测量结果一致。

A COMPUTER-BASED ORBITAL DEBRIS ENVIRONMENT MODEL FOR SPACECRAFT DESIGN AND OBSERVATIONS IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT

A semi-empirical orbital debris model is computer based.It approximates the environment with 6 different inclination bands.Each band has a unique distribution of semi-major axis for near circular orbits,and a unique perigee distribution for highly elliptical orbits.In addition,each inclination band has unique size distributions which depend on the source of debris.Collision probability equations are used to relate the distributions of orbital elements to flux on a spacecraft or through the field of view of a ground sensor.The distributions of semi-major axis,perigee and inclination are consistent with the U.S.Space Command catalogue for sizes larger than about 10 cm,taking the limitations of the sensors into account.For smaller sizes,these distributions are adjusted to be consistent with the flux measured by ground telescopes,the Haystack radar as well as the flux measured by the LDEF satellite and the Space Shuttle.